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Type is a platform for design in the built environment. We aim to share knowledge, increase accessibility, and support a culture of critique.

Articles

A space for public opinion and debate, engaging with a broad range of contributors in architecture, landscape, urban design, planning, and beyond.

Value judgements

In the latest edition of 'the write-up', Alex Curtis reviews the Architectural Association of Ireland's 'Systems and Selves' lecture, which this year featured Carmody Groarke.

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the write-up

Discrete objects of thought

In assessing how to reuse the built fabric and harness the latent potential of our towns and cities, architects have much to learn from artists about disconnecting object and subject, argues Tom Cookson.

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One Good Idea

Are communes the way forward?

Topics such as housing, income inequality, and the environmental crisis are common topics of concern in 2026. At first, they appear hopelessly unsolvable and, once dug into a little deeper, completely interrelated. In this article, Phoebe Moore explores alternative housing models, and ways forward through communal living.

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Present Tense

For the want of a bike shop, we lose the city

After forty-one years in business, what was probably Dublin’s smallest bike shop: McCormack’s on Dorset Street, pulled down the shutters for the last time. In this article, Róisín Murphy uses the closure as a lens on the wider disappearance of small, long-standing businesses from the city, asking how liveable Dublin can remain if independent traders and venues continue to vanish.

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Future Reference
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Library

The Type online library is a digital repository of publications featuring unique research and fresh insights on the design of the built environment.

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UCD Architecture 2007

Editors: Brian Ward, Pierre Jolivet, Gerry Hayden.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring staff and student work from the UCD School of Architecture.

Earlsfort Terrace, Masonic Boys School, Richview, drawing, collage, photography, studio, technology, scale, light, movement, functional, social, technical, aesthetic, environmental, urban, suburban, Cork city, Sculptor’s house, Sligo, 20th century housing, exhibition space, library, social architecture, Tiago Faria, Irena Kondratenko, Mary Laheen, Max O’Flaherty, Mark Price, Brian Ward, Shane DeBlacam, Noel Dowley, Jamie Doyle, Loughlin Kealy, Jim Murphy, Peter Tansey, John Tuomey, David Ahearne, Aisling Ahern, Eimear Arthur, Marian Balfe, Leila Budd, Moira Burke, Emma Byrne, Jarlath Cantwell, Rachel Carmody, Niall Carroll, Claire Cleland, Daniel Collins, Alan Coughlan, Eimear Daly, Christina Devereaux, Raymond Dinh, Andrea Doyle, Rachel Dudley, Megan Etherton, Edward Feeney, Kate Griffin, James Hayes, Michael Hayes, Matthias Horn, William Hutch, Jonathan Janssens, James Kennedy, Shirley Kenny, Hyung Joon Kim, Damien King, Philip King, Donal Lally, Colm Mac Eochagáin, Sarah Madigan, Conor Maguire, Jennifer Martin, Suzanne Maverley, Ciara Mc Curtin, Aonghus Mc Donnell, Kevin McGonigle, Patrick McGrath, Sarah McKendry, Louise Moriarty, Scott Morton, Sorcha Murphy, Stephen Murray, Sean Naughton, Christina Ní Riain, Fiona Nulty, Caitriona O'Connor, Jennifer O'Donnell , Aoife O'Leary, Aisling O'Sullivan, Darren Snow, Patrick Stack, Patrick Stokes- Kelly, Albert Tobin, Vivienne Brophy, Gerry Cahill, Kevin Donovan, Fiona Hughes, Stephen Mulhall, Orla Murphy, Michael Pike, Daniel Sudhershan, Simon Walker, John Tuomey, Shelley McNamara, Peter Tansey, Brian Ward, John Casey, Sterrin O’Shea, Rahman Salma Abdel, Timothy Brick, Lisa Cassidy, Claire Chawke, Ciaran Conlon, Alex Crean, John Crowley, Brendan Dalton, Rachel Delargy, Michael Doherty, Leonie Fitzgerald, Sean Finnegan, Padraig Flynn, Denis Forrest, Alessandra Fugazzi, Katy Giblin, David Hannon, Riona Hartman, Karla Hayes, Leah Hogan, Eoin Horner, Mary Hughes, Alison Hyland, Rachel Jennings, Elaine Johnson, Fergal Joyce, Sorcha Kenneally, Anthony Lambert, Elspeth Lee, Meabh McCarthy, Patrick McGlade, Padraig McMorrow, Cillian Magee, Alva Maguire, Brian Massey, Caitriona Moloney, Laura Moran, Conor Morrissey, Maria Mulcahy, Mark Murphy, Kieran Murray, Matthew Nagle, Banbha NicCanna, Aisling NiDhonnchu, Aedamair NiGhallchoir, Donncha O Brien, Maurice O Brien, Luke O’Callaghan, Jennifer O Leary, Caoimhin O’Maollaigh, Patrick Phelan, Orla Phillips, Sarah Prendergast, Hugh Queenan, Patrick Roche, Conor Rochford, Cian Scanlon, Sean Schoales, Enida Skalonjic, Ruth Stewart, Robert Tobin, David Walsh, Su Wang, Wendy Barrett, Will Dimond Eileen Fitzgerald, John-Barry Lowe, Jim Murphy, Ruth O’Herlihy, Julia Barrett, Miriam Fitzpatrick, Seán Harrington, Mary Laheen, Pierre Long, Michael McGarry, Alan Mee, Andrew Morrison, Orla Murphy, Liam Ronayne, Emmett Scanlan, Sarah Sheridan, Gillian Brady, Elizabeth Burns, Blaine Cagney, James Casey, Amelie Conway, Peter Cosgrave, Cait Elliott, Dara Farrell, Amy Fitzgerald, Joseph Flood, Paul Flynn, Danielle Fox, Shea Gallagher, Patricia Gavin, Edin Gicevic, Ciara Grace, Aideen Hannon, Eimear Hanratty, Patrick Hunt, Raphael Keane, Caroline Kennedy, Caroline Kiernan, Ronan Kenny, Dominic Lavelle, James McBennett, Dermot McGlade, Liam McInerney, Claire McMenamin, Steven McNamara, Sarah Maguire, Beatrice Moran, Eoin Murphy, Niamh Murphy, Enda Naughton, Roisin Ni Bhuadain, Aine Nic an Riogh, Colm O’Brien, Iseult O’Clery, Tapologo Odubeng, Lisa O’Kane, Blathmhac O’Muiri, Alison Rea, Cliodhna Rice, Katya Samodurova, Deirdre Spring, Joseph Swan, Gabriel Sweeney, Martin Tiernan, Aisling Walker, St John Walsh, Brendan Ward, James Young, John Olley, Finola O’Kane, Brian Ward, Loughlin Kealy, Paul Kenny, Irena Kondratenko, Vivienne Brophy, Tiago Faria, Brian Gallagher, Joseph Gannon, Anne Gorman, Paul Hughes, Irena Kondratenko, Pierre Long, Seoirse MacGraith, Andrew Morrison, Michael Murphy (Senior Technician – Building Laboratory), Daniel P Sudhershan, Holger Falter, Amanda Gibney, Mark Richardson, Pierre Jolivet, Bill Hasting, Chris Boyle, Peter Cody, Merlo Kelly, Sheila O’Donnell, Emmett Scanlon, Stephen Tierney, Hugh Campbell, John Tuomey, Andrzej Wejchert, Edward Jones, Hugh Campbell, Michael Pike, Daniel Rosbottom, Shelley McNamara, Alan Mee, Philip Nolan, Michael Bambrick, Darragh Brogan, Ignacio DeMema, Christiansen Finn, Brian Collins, Christopher Collins, Cathal Curtin, Joaquin Dabezies, Catherine DeGroot, John Dobbin, Tara Doherty, Hugh Dolan, Michael Duffy, Clement Duranton, Cormac Fahey, Paul Finn, Graham Fitzpatrick, Moritz Fritz, Neil Gleeson, Brian Guckian, Brian Hagan, Clare Heffernan, Heikki Karppinen, Orla Kennedy, Pascale Klaunig, David Leyden, John Lineen, Matthew McCrum, Aoghan MacDomhnaill, Deirdre McKenna, Claire Meunier, Emma Murtagh, Celine NiChonchuir, Conor O’Brien, Kitty O’Brien, Sorcha O’Higgins, Orla O Loinsigh, Carl O’Reilly, Kevin O’Sullivan, Neal Patterson, Kaisa Paavilainen, Magdalena Paskiewicz, Alice Platriez, Jan Patalon, Patrick Quinlan, John Quinn, Kate Rhatigan, Shane O’Reilly, Andreu Santacreu, Janette Scott, Mark Skehill, Laura Sloan, Caroline Stieghorst, Bryan Tormey, Tim Varian, Sonja Waloszek, Bent Westendorp, Ruben Weyers, Patrick White, Marcus Donaghy, John Parker, Elizabeth Shotton, Chris Boyle, Michelle Fagan, Tiago Faria, Brian Gallagher, Roisin Henegan, Mary Laheen, Tom Maher, John McLaughlin, Shelly McNamara, Jim Murphy, Shi-Fu Peng, Michael Pike, Esmonde O’Briain, Mark Price, Jimmi Sheilds, John Tuomey, Hugh Campbell, Peter Cardew, Adam Caruso, Tom de Paor, Michelle Fagan, Tiago Faria, Francois Fleury, Brian Gallagher, Alan Jones, Donal Lennon, Aidan Madden, Laura Mays, Fiona McDonald, John McLaughlin, Ciaran McNally, Roger Mullin, Jim Murphy, Michael Murphy, Max O’Flaherty, Finola O’Kane Crimmins, Michael Pike, Mark Pimlott, Jimmi Sheilds, Peter Tansey, John Tuomey, Jerome Breslin, Niamh Burke, Elizabeth Burns, Sinead Cahill, Fiona Carroll, Aoife Cleary, Gordon Chrystal, Cillian Collins, Sinead Collins, Anne Marie Cooke, Maire Costelloe, Jacinta Curley, Sarah Curran, Una Daly, Robert Denvir, Matthew Fagan, Brian Flynn, Alan Flood, Kate Gannon, Cillian Gray, Eimear Hassett, Justin Hayes, Zoe Hayes, Gary Hoban, Gary Holt, Sinead Hugh, Paul Jeffries, Dierdre Keeley, Jennifer Kenefick, Brian Mallon, Hilda Markey, Mercedes Martinez, Ashling McCoy, Jill McGovern, Barry McNaboe, Owen McSwiney, Brendan Money, Marcus Mulvihill, Trevor Nolan, Mark Noonan, Paul O’Brien, Lucy O’Connor, Ronan O’Connor, Cathal O’Fearghail, Suzy O’Leary, Nick O’Shee, Nicki Power, Brendan Redmond, Robert Salmon, Clara Seeballuck, Sandra Sibley, Niall Small, Padraic Ward, Chris Whelan, Paul Arnold, Pierre Jolivet, Loughlin Kealy, Paul Kenny, Donal Lennon, Michael Murphy, Elizabeth Shotton, Aidan Madden, Graham Fitzpatrick, Peter Flynn, Dorothy Jones, Hugh Brady, Philip Geoghegan, Loughlin Kealy, Alan Mee, Derry O Connell, Michael Creegan, Douglas Gordon, Seamus Mc Gearailt, John Prosser, Sarah Rock, Aine Ryan, Paul Arnold, Loughlin Kealy, Finola O Kane Crimmins, Ed Burke, John Cahill, Mary Clark, Jackie Donnelly, Lisa Edden, Jason Ellis, Dr Aubrey Flegg, David Griffin, Aideen Ireland, Frank Keohane, Donal Lennon, Alistair Lindsay, Charlie Lyons, Daniel McInervey, Paul McMahon, M. McParland, Emily Moore, Rachel Moss, Conor Murphy, Ciaran O Brien, Dr Freddie O Dwyer, John Olley, Mona O Rourke, Aighleann O Shaughnessy, Sara Pavia, Margaret Quinlan, Noel Riordan, Susan Roundtree, Pat Ruane, Linzi Simpson, David Wall
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Architectural Survey 1954

Editor: Luan P. Cuffe.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Architectural Survey was an annual review of contemporary architecture in Ireland, which ran from 1953-1972.

House, Dublin, residential, social housing, housing scheme, county council, conversion, factory, power station, industry, university, college, school, health, institute, hospital, advertisements, bus terminal, Dublin bus, Terenure, Clontarf, Waterford, Meath, Westmeath, Galway, Cork, Kerry, Newbridge, Synagogue, church, Cinema, Phibsborough, textiles, cloth,
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DSA 2020

Editors: Stephen Allen, Mark Chester, Romy Marren, Lasairíona Power.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

No Poverty, The Democratic Space, Antithesis to Suburbia, Zero Hunger, Good Health+Wellbeing, Quality Education, Marion Mahony Griffin: Tracing an Irish Line through her Animism, Clean Water + Sanitation, Affordable + Clean, Environmental comfort and energy efficieny in TU Dublin, Decent Work + Economic Growth, Outreach and sustainability - drivers of a new timber technology degree programme, Industry, innovation + infrastructure, reduced inequalities, Professional practice work placement, Sustainable cities + communities, Thesis from climate active architecture, Speculative Realism and the pursuit of a Subjectless, Post-Anthropocene Architecture, Responsible Consumption + Production, Climate Action, Life Below Water, Life on Land, Peace, Justices + Strong Institutions, Jeremy Till: Climate Action, Architectural Education + the Future of the Profession, Worldskills International Competition 2019, Partnerships for the Goal, Transform-EDU Project, Sustainability Education Context, Covid-19, ASA, Architectural Students Association, Research, Healthcare Facility, Primary Care Centre, FARM, Welcomed Intruders, Informality, Dorset Street, community centre, Semester two, projects, exemplars, BArch, MArch, Masterplan, Pembroke, accommodation, housing, The Bactrian Estate, Matlandsby, Malahide, office, gym, building energy analysis, construction skills, door, office desk, table, CNC machined lounge chair, Timber PassivHaus, timber, concrete, architectural technology, urban school, primary school, The value of Roughness, Unfolding Eden, Labyrinthine Village, Depth through layering, limits of necessity, designing in the dark with night vision goggles, research, Window degradation, Environment, solar panels, Clay materials, thermal mass, detailing, freehand, sectional model, mews house, revit, observe, record, communicate, unlocking the urban fabric, bio-beacon, aquaponics, Milford mill river, research facility, townscape, treescape,
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Architecture Ireland 305

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #305 focuses on the theme of ‘colour’.

Appropriate colours, ‘A house that is completely white looks like a cream jug’ - Le Corbusier’s colour scheme at Maison La Roche-Jeanneret (1923-25), A kaleidoscopic architecture, Close reading through colour, Urban colour gestalt and chromatic entropy, Achieving quality through smart procurement - An interview with RIAI CEO Kathryn Meghen, Rethinking the crit - A new pedagogy in architectural education, Professional indemnity insurance, RIAI Architecture Awards 2019, RIAI Silver Medal for Housing, RIAI and OPW design competition for a commemorative bridge at the Irish War Memorial Gardens, Ballyless is not Ballymore - A review of the RIAI and DHPLG National Housing Conference 2019, City as sponge - De Urbanisten, Architectural behaviorology, Venice to Cork and back - Close Encounter: Meetings with Remarkable Buildings, Mallow Union Workhouse, George Wilkinson, 1839, Atelier Bow-Wow, De Urbanisten
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Architecture Ireland 286

Editor: Sandra O’Connell.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #286 focuses on 1916 Centenary commemorations.

Waterford IT, WIT, UCD, Richview, University College Dublin, Bolton Street, DIT, forbo flooring systems, 3rock, New Market, International Concrete Design Competition, Grapels, Schueco sliding door systems, Simon Open Door, Scott Tallon Walker Award, Client Guidance Note, BCAR, statutory boards, Dublin Strolls, Dr. Gregory Bracken, Architecture Ireland and Forbo, Civic trust, Carr Cotter Naessens, heneghen peng, CPD, urban design committee, philip jackson, james kiernan, architectural technology committee, universal design task force, Isoilde Dillon, John Mitchell, School of Architecture University of Limerick, Norelle Breen, Peter Caroll, Simon McGuinness, exhibition, Amie Siegel
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Architecture Ireland 307

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #307 focuses on the theme of ‘gender’.

Practising in plain sight: Celebrating the first women architects, Gender in spatial planning: From feminist urbanism to fair-shared city, Making our place: Introducing lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender geographies, RIAI Women in Architecture 2019: An Interview with Sheila O’Donnell, Materialtiy and masculinity: ‘Ordinary’ men and interior design, A portrait of domesticity, Climate Change | Housing | Placemaking - RIAI Conference 2019, Architecture + Building Expo, Tabharfaimíd féin an samhradh linn - Remembering Sarah Cogan (1968-2019), Looking and reflecting: Recalling Mies van der Rohe on the fiftieth anniversary of his death, Woodlawn House, Dublin, Carson & Crushell Architects, A pair of us in it, Teaching, type and topography: An Interview with Simply Architecture, The Meditation Act 2017, Hospital visit/revisit, a e i o u: watercolours by Tom de Paor, Marion Mahony Griffin: Discuss, The relationship between a person and an architecture, Taoiseach’s Residence and State Guest House (competition), Simply Architecture, Manisha Shodhan Basu, Tom de Paor, Eileen Grey, Eleanor Butler, Florence Fulton Hobson, Máirín Hope, Kathleen Carroll, Anne (Nancy) Strahan, Mary Doyle, Maura Shaffrey, Deirdre O’Connor, Arthur Gibson
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RIAI Bulletin 16

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

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Architecture in Ireland - vol. 1, no. 2

Editor: Tomás O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

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Architecture Ireland 299

Editor: Sandra O'Connell.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #299 focuses on architecture in the West of Ireland.

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Architecture in Ireland - vol. 1, no. 3

Editor: Tomas O'Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

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Architecture in Ireland - vol. 1, no. 1

Editor: Tomas O’Beirne.
Journal
€ 5.95 

First published in 1978, Architecture in Ireland was a magazine which featured ‘news, views and reviews’, architecturally significant buildings, and descriptions and illustrations of proposed developments.

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Architectural Survey 1971

Editor: Patrick M. Delany.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Architectural Survey was an annual review of contemporary architecture in Ireland, which ran from 1953-1972.

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Carlow Carbon Futures: vol. 1

Editors: Sean Brunswick, Orla McKeever, Sam Carse, Juliette Bosschaert.
Book
€ 0.00 

Fuelled by love, rage, and imagination, this publication displays the wide variety of student work produced as part of a regional vision for a zero-carbon County Carlow by 2050.

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Dublin School of Architecture Yearbook 2016

Editors: Philip Duffy, Anne-Lise Olivier, Julia Vivien Rober, Colin Mac Suibhne, Stephen Johnston.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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Post Industrial

Editor: Miriam Delaney.
Book
€ 0.00 

Post Industrial features a series of essays discussing the physical and material world of Irish industrial settlements; how these villages as worked a social spaces, while at the same time highlighting future conservation priorities.

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LINE 01

Editors: Caoimhe Power, Gabriella Brady, Helen McFadden, Lauren Forde.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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DSA 2020

Editors: Stephen Allen, Mark Chester, Romy Marren, Lasairíona Power.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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Rural

Author: Dominic Stevens.
Book
€ 5.90 

Rural is a collection of projects and essays on contemporary issues facing rural modes of inhabitations and ways to reimagine their potential future.

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