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Type is a platform for design in the built environment. We aim to share knowledge, increase accessibility, and support a culture of critique.

Articles

A space for public opinion and debate, engaging with a broad range of contributors in architecture, landscape, urban design, planning, and beyond.

Is creativity what makes us human?

Creativity has long been the human capacity we considered beyond the reach of any machine. Most can agree that Artificial Intelligence (AI) has crossed the threshold of being on the periphery to our work and is now embedding itself into our thinking, our workflows, and our society. As these shifts begin influencing the creative industries, we have to ask: what truly changes, and is creativity still what makes us human?

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Future Reference

Drafting Identity: My job is not my hobby

In this article, Ciara O’Connell closes our mini-series ‘Drafting Identity’ which focuses on the experience of women in Architectural Education from both personal and professional perspectives, supporting the FIAE movement. Ciara explores the pressures a career in architecture places on life outside of work, and the significant material impacts that places on women, in particular.

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Present Tense

Totems: Selected Essays on Architecture - Book Review

Kevin Donovan reviews Irénée Scalbert's book 'Totems: Selected Essays on Architecture', published by Park Books in 2026.

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Open Space

The kids are alright

Gary Hamilton reviews a lecture by REIR Studio, part of the 'Conversation Club' lecture series presented by the Office of Public Works in partnership with the National Library of Ireland. The lecture was held on Wednesday May 13th in the Joly Theatre of the National Library of Ireland.

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the write-up
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Library

The Type online library is a digital repository of publications featuring unique research and fresh insights on the design of the built environment.

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Architectural Survey 1963

Editor: Patrick M. Delany.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Architectural Survey was an annual review of contemporary architecture in Ireland, which ran from 1953-1972.

Commerce, Health, Industry, Education, Religion, Housing, Public Service, Recreation, Airport, Church, Filling Station, Showroom, Factory, School, offices, post office, government, bank, drive-in, interiors, remodelled, maisonettes, social housing, new town, urbanism, residential, hospitality, bar, mast, infrastructure, rebuilding, automation, Reconstruction, domestic, Lansdowne Road Dublin, Raheny, Dublin, Seymour Hill, Belfast, Northern Ireland, Television Headquarters, Montrose, RTE, Stillorgan, Airport, Cork, Dublin, Airport lounge, Shannon, Clare, Chief Airports’ Architect, Department of Transport and Power, Filling station, garage, Merrion, Textile factory, factory, Bray, brewery, Dunmarry, Wicklow, Car showroom, Motor showroom, Victoria Street, plastics factory, Balbriggan, school, Kilmacud, extension, offices, post office, government, bank, drive-in, interiors, remodelled, maisonettes, social housing, new town, urbanism, cootehill, Cavan, Tralee, Kerry, Holywood, home, house, private house, Drive-in bank, Raheny, Athy, Kildare, Dublin Corporation, Dublin city council, DCC, Wineshop, Bar, pub, Belfast, Television Mast, Kippure Mountain, Foundation Stone
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Architecture Ireland 303

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #303 focuses on the theme of ‘health and wellbeing’.

An architecture of health, ‘helping Ireland to help Herself’: A Therapeutic Place at Peamount Sanatorium (1912-1940), The Ethics of Healthcare Architecture, Rethinking Mental Health in Architecture, Cure, Care, and Containment, Universal Design and Wellbeing, Working Together to Design Healthier Communities, Architecture News, RIAI news, Interview with Odile Decq, Product News, Turning the page, Regarding the IAF, Summary Review of BS 8300:2018, Central Park, Blackrock, Novation of Contracts in Construction, On Inis Oírr, Book review: Project Interrupted, The San Siro, Melbourne x5, Obituary - Mary Carroll, Pamela Johnson, Nightingale Housing, RMIT Design Hub, MPavilion, KeepCup, Escher x Nendo
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Architecture Ireland 300

Editor: Sandra O’Connell.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #300 focuses on the theme of ‘FREESPACE, La Biennale di Venezia'.

Women in Architecture, Golden Lion Lifetime Achievement, WAF, 2018 Stirling Prize, Arsenale, Giardini, Philip Vivian, Sadie Morgan, Jennifer McElwain, Exhibition, Biennale, Italy, Venice, Castello, Photo Essay, review, education, study trip, urbanism, In the mail, Proportional Tricks, Star Apartments, Saorspás, The Factory Floor, Thresholds, Collateral Events, Sounds and Vision, After-Party, A More Feminine Biennale, 1985, Free Market Square, After a Long Day’s Work, Irish Design Everywhere, Elephant in the Room, Marina Tabassum, Diversity and Craft, Immersion, Shane O'Toole, Jeffrey Bolhuis, Dermot Boyd, David Browne, Kathryn Meghen, Jo Anne Butler, Peter Carroll, Louise Cotter, Cian Deegan, Alice Casey, Miriam Delaney, Marc Dubois, David Hughes, Tara Kennedy, Laurence Lord, Mary McCarthy, Frank McDonald, Niall McLaughlin, Alan Mee, Harry Browne, Orla Murphy, Carole Pollard, Angela Rolfe, Christine Sisk, Kerstin Thompson, Martha Thorne, John Tuomey, Nathalie Weadick, Emmett Scnalon, Ali Grehan.
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Architecture Ireland 280

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #280 focuses on the theme of ‘restoration, reuse and adaptation’.

architecture review, book review, conservation, reuse, historic buildings
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RIAI Bulletin 50

Editor: J. Owen Lewis.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Beginning in 1972, the RIAI Bulletin was a monthly newsletter to inform Institute members of the wide range of matters with which the RIAI was involved.

Holy Trinity Church Donaghmede, Church at Firhouse, Bord na Mona, UCD Restaurant, RTE Radio Building, A. & D. Wejchert, de Blacam & Meagher, Stephenson Associates, Scott Tallon Walker, The National Plan, Urban Enterprise Zones, Development in Glass, Carnegie Libraries, Notes on Glass, The Building Control Bill 1984, Images, Pictorial, Glass and Glazing, Rationalisation and the fall of man, RIAI Reports, Oh Rats!, New Products, The 1985 Budget Statement By RIAI, Saarinen - National Romantic Trends in Finnish Architecture, Concrete Practice in Ireland 1985, RIAI Bulletin 1-50, Council, Annual Conference, Building Exhibition, Extraordinary General Meeting, Northern Report, Western Report, Hardcore, Council, Council Reports, Council Ballot Results, Council for 1985, Planning, Obituaries, Liam Boyle, News from the Regions, Maurice Hogan, New Housing Ideas, Joint Labour Committee, Fellows, Construction and the National Plan, National Construction Conference, Pilkington Glass Ltd., Trinity Library, Kildare Street Club, St Columbas, PMPA, John Donat, The Window Manufacturers’ View, Richview Ball, RIAI Annual General Meeting, Construction Industry Statistics 1984, Architecture of Islamic Spain, Dun Laoghaire Plan, Georgian Dublin - Policy for Survival, Brian O’ Connell, Improving Public Housing, Architects for Peace, SAAT Launches CPD Scheme, Mountshannon County Clare, Loughlin Kealy, Notices, standards, circular, newsletter, committee, competition, conference, course, lecture, planners, membership, RIAI, Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland, AAI, Architectural Association ireland, practise notice, UCD, University College Dublin, Bolton Street, Glass, energy, bulletin, journals
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UCD Architecture 2008

Editor: Pierre Jolivet.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring staff and student work from the UCD School of Architecture.

Richview, drawing, collage, photography, studio, technology, scale, light, movement, functional, social, technical, aesthetic, environmental, urban, suburban, exhibition, library, social architecture, UCD, studio, college, university, architecture school, craft, construction, drawing, collage, photography, model making, collaborative, civic, urban, Suzanne Betts, Darran Brennan, Donal Browne, Henry Browne, Amy Bulman, Jo Ann Butler, Aiden Carty, Dara Challoner, Mark Choi, Robert Coleman, Patrick Conway, Keith Cormack, Alan Coughlan, Donal Crowe, Alice Devenney, Aisling Donnelly, Elaine Fanning, Andrew Flood, Robert Francis, Garrett Fullam, Garrett Garvey, Seamus Guidera, Sarah Halpenny, Nicole Hardy, Lloyd Helen, Edwin Jebb, Laura Keating, Vadim Kelly, David Kennedy, Tara Kennedy, Neil Keogh, Kate Laffan, Stephen Laverty, Ciana March, Jennifer Martin, Helena McCarthy, Caitriona McGilp, Jennifer Martin, Conor McGowan, Jennifer McLoughlin, David McMillan, Barbara McShane, Caoimhe Merrick, Cathal Monaghan, Orla Monaghan, David Morgan, Melanie O’Brien, Eileen O’Connor, Dawn Parke, Sandra Plantos, Sharon Quigley, Sharon Sugrue, Shane Twohig, Brona Waldron, Rebecca Wallace, Amy Widdis, Adrian Wong, Roisin Lewis, Noel Dowley, Jim Murphy, Samantha Martin-Mcauliffe, Silvia Forlati, Adam Hall, John Tuomey, Tom Maher, Brian Ward, Jamie Doyle, Elizabeth Burns, Sarah Cremin, Miriam Delaney, Tiago Faria, Irena Kondratenko, Mark Price, Peter Tansey, Vivienne Brophy, Gerry Cahill, Kevin Donovan, Anne Gorman, Fiona Hughes, Orla Murphy, Michael Pike, Simon Walker, Matthew Beattie, Sinead Bourke, Martin Henchion, Ryan Kennihan, Michael McGarry, Sheila O’Donnell, Sterrin O’Shea, Emmett Scanlon, Derek Tynan, David Ahearne, Aisling Ahern, Amine Ait M'hand, Eimear Arthur, Marian Balfe, Leila Budd, Moira Burke, Emma Byrne, Jarlath Cantwell, Rachel Carmody, Niall Carroll, Daniel Collins, Eimear Daly, Christina Devereux, Ray Dinh, Andrea Doyle, Rachel Dudley, Pierre- Emmanuel Escoffier, Megan Etherton, Edward Feeney, Kate Griffin, James Hayes, Michael Hayes, Leah Hogan, Matthias Horn, William Hutch, Jonathan Jannsens, Fergal Joyce, James Kennedy, Shirley Kenny, Hyung Joon Kim, Damien King, Donal Lally, Sara Madigan, Alva Maguire, Conor Maguire, Suzanne Maverley, Colm MacEochagain, Ciara McCurtin, Aonghus McDonnell, Kevin McGonigle, Patrick McGrath, Sarah McKendry, Louise Moriarty, Scott Morton, Sorcha Murphy, Stephen Murray, Fiona Nulty, Maurice O’Brien, Catriona O’Connor, Jennifer O’Donnell, Aoife O’Leary, Aisling O’Sullivan, Dina Ryan, Darren Snow, Patrick Stack, Joe Stokes-Kelly, Albert Tobin, Salvatore Borza, Darrgh Butler, Jarlath Cantwell, Dina Ryan, Robert Bruton, Ronan Dunne, Donal Lally, Niall Carroll, Sean Dunleavy, Ross Gibbons, Louise Moriarty, Paul Flynn, Russell Jacob, Sue Maverley, Warren Hayes, Ross Lally, Jennifer O’Donnell, Roisin Kilrane, Darren Louth, Leila Budd, Thomas Kinsella, Fiachra McInerney, Matthias Horn, Paul Lenihan, Daniel McNamara, Megan Etherton, Michael Lennon, Darren Moore, Sorcha Murphy, Brendan Lyons, Clodagh O’Brien, Edward Feeney, Stephen Mitchell, Harry O’Doherty, Sarah McKendry, Conor Trawinski, Brendan Scales, Colm MacEochaghain, Eoghan Looney, Oisin White, Jonathan Janssens, Fionn Tynan-O’Mahony, Daniel Wright, Fiona Nulty, Sean Dunleavy, Laura Nugent, Darren Snow, Anthony Clare, Laura Mays - GMIT Furniture College, Letterfrack and Orla Murphy, Daniel P. Sudhershan - UCD Architecture, Wendy Barrett, Will Dimond, Eileen Fitzgerald, Mary Laheen, John-Barry Lowe, Stephen Mulhall, Jim Murphy, Ruth O’Herlihy, Dermot Boyd, Jim Coady, Tiago Faria, Seán Harrington, MJ Long, Pierre Long, Donal Lynch, Niall McLaughlin, Andrew Morrison, Ciaran O’Connor, Padraig O’Duineen, Pat Ruane, Stephen Tierney, Darina Tully, Mark Turpin, Brian Ward, Barber, Timothy Brick, Lisa Cassidy, Claire Chawke, Ciaran Conlon, Alex Crean, John Crowley, Brendan Dalton, Michael Doherty, Pierre-Emmaneul Escoffier, Sean Finegan, Leonie Fitzgerald, Padraig Flynn, Denis Forrest, Alessandra Fugazzi, Katy Giblin, David Hannon, Riona Hartman, Carla-Harte Hayes, Eoin Horner, Mary Hughes, Alison Hyland, Rachael Jennings, Ralphie Keane, Sorcha Kenneally, Oriana Kraemer, Elspeth Lee, Meabh McCarthy, Dermot McGlade, Philip McGlade, Padraigh McMorrough, Cillian Magee, Brian Massey, Caitiona Moloney, Laura Moran, Conor Morrissey, Maria Mulcahy, Mark Murphy, Kieran Murray, Banbha NicCanna, Aine Nic an Riogh, Aisling NiDonnchu, Aedamair NiGallchoir, Donncha O’Brien, Luke O’Callaghan, Jennifer O’Leary, Patrick Phelan, Orla Phillips, Sarah Prendergast, Hugh Queenan, Paddy Roche, Conor Rochford, Cian Scanlon, Sean Schoales, Enida Skalonjic, Ruth Stewart, Robert Tobin, David Walsh, Su Wang, Paul Kenny, Hugh Campbell, John Olley, Tiago Faria, Brian Gallagher, Irena Kondratenko, Vivienne Brophy, Anne Gorman, Seoirse MacCraith, Donal Finn, Joseph Gannon, Pierre Long, Andrew Morrison, Rick Watson, Daniel P Sudhershan, Michael Murphy, Holger Falter, Amanda Gibney, Mark Richardson, Loughlin Kealy, Paul Arnold, Bill Hasting, Pierre Jolivet, Chris Boyle, Peter Cody, Merlo Kelly, John Tuomey, Emmett Scanlon, Stephen Tierney, Michael McGarry, Daniel Rosbottom, David Kohn, Paul Kelly, Gerard Carty, Gary Lysaght, Shane O’Toole, Michael Pike, Peter Carroll, Roisin Aherne, Jennifer Belton, Maurice Brooks, Myles Burke, William Casey, Shuo Chen, Jerome Clairoux, Elizabeth Clyne, Ludo Ditlhong, Tara Doherty, James A Doran, Paul Durcan, Tadeusz Fic, Morwenna Gerrard, Alice Gibson, Faela Guiden, T. J Hartnett, Anna Hellgren, Jack Hogan, Patrick Hunt, Lucas Jollivet, Emmet Kenny, Adrian King, David Ledwith, Aoiffe Magner, Natalie Maras, Anne McGetrick, Michael Nolan, Therese Nolan, Donal O’Herlihy, Lucy O’Reilly, Ekaterina Papakovoska, Andrzej Soloduszkiewicz, Jessica Sturmer, Aisling Walker, Ewelina Walkusz, Hanna Weber, Brendan Whelan, Richard Yates, Arnau Neus Isart, Breffni Clarke, Elaine Hanna, Laura O’Brien, Brian Hewson, Helen Kelly, Julie Leysen, Joanne Lyons, Aisling Maher, Philipp Sihertler, Timmy Blackwell, Mathias Bastian, Cristina Muros, Neil Glesson, Elaine Ni Donnchadha, Ivan O’Connell, Michael Stack, Kevin Quinlan, Laura O’Brien, Lynn McMahon, Hugh Campbell, Marcus Donaghy, John Parker, Mark Price, Tom Maher, Robin Lee, Kevin Donovan, John Olley, Irene Kelly, Tiago Faria, Brian Gallagher, Gerry Cahill, Carmel Murray, Jim Murphy, Esmonde O’Briain, Jimi Sheilds, John Mclaughlin, Shelley Mcnamara, Chris Boyle, John Tuomey, Oran O’Siochain, Roisin Heneghan, Shih-Fu Peng, Samantha Martin-McAuliffe, Dan Sudhershan, Patrick Lynch, Simon Walker, Matthias Reese, Irenée Scalbert, Paul Clarke, Elizabeth Hatz, Emmett Scanlon, Michael Pike, Derek Tynan, Dougal Sheridan, David Naessens, Stuart Mcknight, Mark Pimlott, Tom de Paor, Kathleen James-Chakraborty, Howard Davies, Niall Mclaughlin, Peter Carroll, Dermot Boyd, Brian Ward, Jason O’Shaughnessy, Paul Hegarty, Emer O’Daly, Mary O’Neill, Urs Meister, Jane Ashe, Deirdre Brophy, Finn Christiansen, Eibhlin Clifford, Brian Collins, Christopher Collins, Cathal Curtin, Joaquin Dabeizes, Catherine Degroot, John Dobbin, Hugh Dolan, Michael Duffy, Cormac Fahey, Michael Fingleton, Paul Finn, Piers Floyd, Darren Gill, Brian Guckian, Brian Hagan, Diane Harrington, Clare Heffernan, John Hennigan, Grainne Keane, Orla Kennedy, David Leyden, John Lineen, Matthew Mccrum, Laura Mcdonnell, Sarah-Jane Mcgee, Deirdre Mckenna, Brendan Money, Elizabeth Mulligan, Emma Murtagh, Grainne Nestor, Celine Ni Chonchuir, Kitty O’Brien, Sorcha O’Higgins, Orla O’Loinsigh, Diarmuid O’Sullivan, Kevin O’Sullivan, Neal Patterson, Emily Power, Patrick Quinlan, John Quinn, Declan Reilly, Shane Reilly, Kate Rhatigan, Janette Scott, Brendan Sexton, Mark Skehill, Laura Sloan, Emma Spierrin, Bryan Tormey, Tim Varian, Mark Walker, Patrick White, Hugh Campbell, Marcus Donaghy, Tiago Faria, Michael Murphy, John Parker, Daniel P Sudhershan, Marcus Collier, Charles Lyons, Ciaran McNally, Michael Murphy, Simon Walker, Michael Goan, Dorothy Jones, Alan Mee, Miriam Fitzpatrick, Philip Geoghegan, Derry O Connell, Hugh Brady, Conor Norton, Michael Cregan, Michael Wall, Seamus Mc Gearailt, John Prosser, Aine Ryan, Prof. James Wyckham, Joost Beunderman, Conor Moloney, Dr Mary Gilmartin, Roisin Heneghan, Paula Russell, Martin Colreavy, Sean O'Laoire, Garry Miley, Dr. Mary Corcoran, John Mc Laughlin, Angela Rolfe, Ali Grehan, Ciaran Cuffe, Dick Gleeson, Gerry Cahill, Paul Altman, Siobhan O'Dea, Paul Arnold, Finola O Kane Crimmins, Susan Roundtree, Loughlin Kealy, John Cahill, Dr. John Olley, Mary Clark, Jackie Donnelly, Lisa Edden, Jason Ellis, Dr Aubrey Flegg, David Griffin, Aideen Ireland, Frank Keohane, Donal Lennon, Alistair Lindsay, Charlie Lyons, Daniel McInervey, Paul McMahon, M. McParland, Emily Moore, Rachel Moss, Dr. Conor Murphy, Ciaran O’Brien, Dr Freddie O Dwyer, Mona O’Rourke, Aighleann O Shaughnessy, Sara Pavia, Margaret Quinlan, Noel Riordan, Pat Ruane, Linzi Simpson, David Wall
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2ha: the journal of suburban design #02

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 4.00 

2ha #02 explores the relationship between photography and suburban space. Three essays respond to the intimate link between the medium of photography and the spaces we occupy.

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Architecture Ireland 276

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #276 focuses on the theme of 'school design'.

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Architecture Ireland 279

Editor: Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #279 focuses on the theme of ‘healthcare design’.

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Architectural Survey 1957

Editor: Luan P. Cuffe.
Journal
€ 4.75 

Architectural Survey was an annual review of contemporary architecture in Ireland, which ran from 1953-1972.

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Architecture Ireland 319

Editor: Michael K. Hayes.
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #319 focuses on the theme of 'public space'.

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Architecture Ireland 292

Editor: Dr. Sandra O'Connell
Journal
€ 9.50 

Architecture Ireland is the journal of the Royal Institute of the Architects of Ireland. Issue #292 focuses on architecture in Co. Cork.

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Ireland in the Year 2000: Towards a National Strategy

An Foras Forbartha
Book
€ 7.95 

This publication documents a 1983 colloquium concerned with the need for an Irish national strategic plan to provide the physical, economic, and social infrastructure required by the end of the 20th century.

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The Antique Pavement

Author: Derry O'Connell.
Book
€ 4.75 

An illustrated guide to Dublin's street furniture.

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DSA 2020

Editors: Stephen Allen, Mark Chester, Romy Marren, Lasairíona Power.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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Celebrating Pugin

Editor: Colum O'Riordan. Author: Roderick O'Donnell.
Book
€ 10.00 

Celebrating Pugin features a selection of drawings by 19th-century architect A. W. N. Pugin, displayed as part of an exhibition in the Irish Architectural Archive marking the bicentenary of his birth. The book also includes an essay by Roderick O'Donnell providing an overview on the role of Pugin in Ireland.

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20 Irish Buildings You Should Know

Editors: Róisín Bean, Tim Connell, Brian Gargan, Paul Kelly, Adam McLoughlin, Jack Prendergast.
Book
€ 0.00 

Twenty twentieth-century Irish buildings that students of architecture should know, as chosen by TU Dublin fourth-year architecture students.

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This is Content. This is Theory. This is Craft.

Editors: Tim Connell, Emma Kavanagh, Peter MacClancy, Adam McLoughlin, Michael Sykes.
Book
€ 0.00 

An annual yearbook featuring student work from the Dublin School of Architecture, TU Dublin.

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